Spontaneous Biloma Secondary to Choledocholithiasis.

A biloma is a collection of bile located outside the bile duct which occurs as a result of iatrogenic and traumatic injuries. Spontaneous biloma is rare and is associated with choledocholithiasis. Diagnosis is performed using an ultrasound, a computed tomography scan, and a nuclear magnetic resonance scan, and is confirmed by drainage and subsequent biochemical analysis of the fluid sample. The first treatment option is percutaneous drainage, and if not successful, endoscopic biliary drainage should be performed. We report a case of a 46-year-old patient with a spontaneous biloma associated with choledocholithiasis.

Menetrier's disease. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

We present a rare case of hypertrophic gastropathy associated with protein loss. A 35-year-old man was hospitalized for bowel habit changes, abdominal pain, generalized edema and symptomatic anemia. Pertinent laboratory findings included iron deficiency anemia (Hb 6.7g/dl, ferritin 5 ng/ml) and marked hypoalbuminemia (albumin 2.5 g/dl). Endoscopic biopsy samples of giant gastric folds observed along the greater gastric curvature revealed foveolar hyperplasia and significant parietal cell loss. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed gastric parietal thickening with preserved architecture and normal gastric wall layers. Menetrier disease was diagnosed and the patient treated with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits ligand binding of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFa), preventing gastric mucosa cell proliferation. After twelve months of treatment, the patient referred symptoms improvement, and gastric biopsy levels of the proliferation marker protein Ki-67 had decreased.

Presentamos un caso infrecuente de gastropatía hipertrófica asociada a pérdida de proteínas. Un hombre de 35 años fue hospitalizado por cambios en los hábitos intestinales, dolor abdominal, edema generalizado y anemia sintomática. Los hallazgos de laboratorio pertinentes incluyeron anemia ferropénica (Hb 6.7 g/dl, ferritina 5 ng/ml) e hipoalbuminemia marcada (albúmina 2.5 g/dl). Las muestras de biopsia endoscópica de pliegues gástricos gigantes observados a lo largo de la curvatura mayor gástrica revelaron hiperplasia foveolar y pérdida significativa de células parietales. La ecografía endoscópica mostró engrosamiento parietal gástrico con arquitectura conservada y capas de pared gástrica normales. Se diagnosticó enfermedad de Menetrier y se trató al paciente con cetuximab, un anticuerpo monoclonal que inhibe la unión del ligando del factor de crecimiento transformante alfa (TGFa), evitando la proliferación de células de la mucosa gástrica. Después de doce meses de tratamiento, el paciente refirió mejoría de los síntomas y los niveles de la proteína marcadora de proliferación Ki-67 en biopsia gástrica habían disminuido.

Menetrier's disease. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge / Enfermedad de Menetrier. Un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico

Abstract We present a rare case of hypertrophic gastropathy associated with protein loss. A 35-year-old man was hospitalized for bowel habit changes, abdominal pain, generalized edema and symptomatic anemia. Pertinent laboratory findings included iron deficiency anemia (Hb 6.7g/dl, ferritin 5 ng/ml) and marked hypoalbuminemia (albumin 2.5 g/dl). Endoscopic biopsy samples of giant gastric folds observed along the greater gastric curvature revealed foveolar hyperplasia and significant parietal cell loss. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed gastric parietal thickening with preserved architecture and normal gastric wall layers. Menetrier disease was diagnosed and the patient treated with cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits ligand binding of trans forming growth factor alpha (TGFa), preventing gastric mucosa cell proliferation. After twelve months of treatment, the patient referred symptoms improvement, and gastric biopsy levels of the proliferation marker protein Ki-67 had decreased.

Resumen Presentamos un caso infrecuente de gastropatía hipertrófica asociada a pérdida de proteínas. Un hombre de 35 años fue hos pitalizado por cambios en los hábitos intestinales, dolor abdominal, edema generalizado y anemia sintomática. Los hallazgos de laboratorio pertinentes incluyeron anemia ferropénica (Hb 6.7 g/dl, ferritina 5 ng/ml) e hipoal buminemia marcada (albúmina 2.5 g/dl). Las muestras de biopsia endoscópica de pliegues gástricos gigantes observados a lo largo de la curvatura mayor gástrica revelaron hiperplasia foveolar y pérdida significativa de células parietales. La ecografía endoscópica mostró engrosamiento parietal gástrico con arquitectura conservada y capas de pared gástrica normales. Se diagnosticó enfermedad de Menetrier y se trató al paciente con cetuximab, un anticuerpo monoclonal que inhibe la unión del ligando del factor de crecimiento transformante alfa (TGFa), evitando la proliferación de células de la mucosa gástrica. Después de doce meses de tratamiento, el paciente refirió mejoría de los síntomas y los niveles de la proteína marcadora de proliferación Ki-67 en biopsia gástrica habían disminuido.

Expression Pattern of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Celiac Disease Enteropathy.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals following exposure to dietary gluten. Severe changes at the intestinal mucosa observed in untreated CD patients are linked to changes in the level and in the pattern of expression of different genes. Fully differentiated epithelial cells express two isoforms of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs): intestinal and liver, IFABP and LFABP, respectively. These proteins bind and transport long chain fatty acids and also have other important biological roles in signaling pathways, particularly those related to PPARγ and inflammatory processes. Herein, we analyze the serum levels of IFABP and characterize the expression of both FABPs at protein and mRNA level in small intestinal mucosa in severe enteropathy and normal tissue. As a result, we observed higher levels of circulating IFABP in untreated CD patients compared with controls and patients on gluten-free diet. In duodenal mucosa a differential FABPs expression pattern was observed with a reduction in mRNA levels compared to controls explained by the epithelium loss in severe enteropathy. In conclusion, we report changes in FABPs' expression pattern in severe enteropathy. Consequently, there might be alterations in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory process in the small intestinal mucosa.